解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not code for proteins but function as RNAs. Because the functions of an RNA rely on either its sequence or secondary structure, lncRNAs should be folded at least as strongly as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which serve as messengers for translation and are generally thought to lack secondary...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu402
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apparent stasis in the evolution of avian chromosomes suggests that birds may have experienced relatively low rates of gene gain and loss in multigene families. To investigate this possibility and to explore the phenotypic consequences of variation in gene copy number, we examined evolutionary changes in the famil...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu341
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of novel traits is recognized as an important process underlying many major evolutionary radiations. We studied the genetic basis for the evolution of haustoria, the novel feeding organs of parasitic flowering plants, using comparative transcriptome sequencing in three species of Orobanchaceae. Around 180 g...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu343
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the genetic structure of human populations has important implications for the design and interpretation of disease mapping studies and reconstructing human evolutionary history. To date, inferences of human population structure have primarily been made with common variants. However, recent large-scale re...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu326
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated diverse genomic selections using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism data of five distinct cattle breeds. Based on allele frequency differences, we detected hundreds of candidate regions under positive selection across Holstein, Angus, Charolais, Brahman, and N'Dama. In addition to well-known g...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu333
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether coding or regulatory sequence change is more important to the evolution of phenotypic novelty is one of biology's major unresolved questions. The field of evo-devo has shown that in early development changes to regulatory regions are the dominant mode of genetic change, but whether this extends to the evolutio...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu292
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Septate junctions (SJs) insure barrier properties and control paracellular diffusion of solutes across epithelia in invertebrates. However, the origin and evolution of their molecular constituents in Metazoa have not been firmly established. Here, we investigated the genomes of early branching metazoan representatives...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu265
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Snake venom gene evolution has been studied intensively over the past several decades, yet most previous studies have lacked the context of complete snake genomes and the full context of gene expression across diverse snake tissues. We took a novel approach to studying snake venom evolution by leveraging the complete ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu294
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory modification in metazoans, and the corresponding kinase enzymes have diversified dramatically. This diversification is correlated with a genome-wide reduction in protein tyrosine content, and it was recently suggested that this reduction was driven by selection to a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu284
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large phylogenomics data sets require fast tree inference methods, especially for maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenies. Fast programs exist, but due to inherent heuristics to find optimal trees, it is not clear whether the best tree is found. Thus, there is need for additional approaches that employ different search st...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu300
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of amniotes has involved major molecular innovations in the epidermis. In particular, distinct structural proteins that undergo covalent cross-linking during cornification of keratinocytes facilitate the formation of mechanically resilient superficial cell layers and help to limit water loss to the envir...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu251
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parentally biased expression of transcripts (genomic imprinting) in adult tissues, including the brain, can influence and possibly drive the evolution of behavioral traits. We have previously found that paternally determined cues are involved in population-specific mate choice decisions between two populations of the ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu257
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 20 protein-coding amino acids are found in proteomes with different relative abundances. The most abundant amino acid, leucine, is nearly an order of magnitude more prevalent than the least abundant amino acid, cysteine. Amino acid metabolic costs differ similarly, constraining their incorporation into proteins. O...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu228
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Detecting positive selection in species with heterogeneous habitats and complex demography is notoriously difficult and prone to statistical biases. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exemplifies this problem: In spite of the large amounts of data, little evidence for classic selective sweeps has been found. Moreove...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu247
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymerases are essential for life, being responsible for replication, transcription, and the repair of nucleic acid molecules. Those that share a right-hand-shaped fold and catalytic site structurally similar to the DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli may catalyze RNA- or DNA-dependent RNA polymerization, reverse tr...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu219
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marsupials exhibit great diversity in ecology and morphology. However, compared with their sister group, the placental mammals, our understanding of many aspects of marsupial evolution remains limited. We use 101 mitochondrial genomes and data from 26 nuclear loci to reconstruct a dated phylogeny including 97% of exta...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu176
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Models of codon evolution have attracted particular interest because of their unique capabilities to detect selection forces and their high fit when applied to sequence evolution. We described here a novel approach for modeling codon evolution, which is based on Kronecker product of matrices. The 61 × 61 codon substit...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu196
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesviruses have been infecting and codiverging with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. The primate simplex viruses exemplify this pattern of virus-host codivergence, at a minimum, as far back as the most recent common ancestor of New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes. Humans are the ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu185
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ion channels have played a substantial role in the evolution of novel traits across all of the domains of life. A fascinating example of a novel adaptation is the convergent evolution of electric organs in the Mormyroid and Gymnotiform electric fishes. The regulated currents that flow through ion channels directly gen...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu145
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eutrema salsugineum and Schrenkiella parvula are salt-tolerant relatives of the salt-sensitive species Arabidopsis thaliana. An important component of salt tolerance is the regulation of Na(+) ion homeostasis, which occurs in part through proteins encoded by the Cation/Proton Antiporter-1 (CPA1) gene family. We used a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu152
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans emerged in Europe in 1845, triggering the Irish potato famine and massive European potato crop losses that continued until effective fungicides were widely employed in the 20th century. Today the pathogen is ubiquitous, with more aggressive and virulent strains surfacing in re...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 历史文章,信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu086
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most phenotypic traits are controlled by many genes, but a global picture of the genotype-phenotype map (GPM) is lacking. For example, in no species do we know generally how many genes affect a trait and how large these effects are. It is also unclear to what extent GPMs are shaped by natural selection. Here we addres...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu131
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-stranded DNA(ssDNA) viral life cycles must balance double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and ssDNA biosynthesis. Previously published in vitro results suggest that microvirus C and host cell SSB proteins play antagonistic roles to achieve this balance. To investigate this in vivo, microvirus DNA replication was character...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu089
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crabs of the infra-order Brachyura are one of the most diverse groups of crustaceans with approximately 7,000 described species in 98 families, occurring in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. The relationships among the brachyuran families are poorly understood due to the high morphological complexity of th...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu068
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Next-generation sequencing opened up new possibilities in phylogenetics; however, choosing an appropriate method of sample preparation remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) generates useful data for phylogenomics. Analysis of our RAD library using current b...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu063
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of cichlid evolution have highlighted the importance of visual pigment genes in the spectacular radiation of the African rift lake cichlids. Recent work, however, has also provided strong evidence for adaptive diversification of riverine cichlids in the Neotropics, which inhabit environments of markedly differ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu064
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The order of genes on eukaryotic chromosomes is nonrandom. Some neighboring genes show order conservation among species, while some neighboring genes separate during evolution. Here, we investigated whether neighboring genes show interactions after their separation. We found that neighboring gene pairs tend to show in...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msu065
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolutionary history of closely related organisms may be difficult because of the presence of unsorted lineages and of a relatively high proportion of heterozygous sites that are usually not handled well by phylogenetic programs. Genomic data may provide enough fixed polymorphisms to...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst271
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary origin of eukaryotes is a question of great interest for which many different hypotheses have been proposed. These hypotheses predict distinct patterns of evolutionary relationships for individual genes of the ancestral eukaryotic genome. The availability of numerous completely sequenced genomes cover...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst272
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high frequency of alternative splicing among the serine/arginine-rich (SR) family of proteins in plants has been linked to important roles in gene regulation during development and in response to environmental stress. In this article, we have searched and manually annotated all the SR proteins in the genomes of ma...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst238
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although evolutionary studies of gene function often rely on RNA interference, the ideal approach would use reverse genetics to create null mutations for cross-species comparisons and forward genetics to identify novel genes in each species. We have used transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to faci...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst213
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex metazoan bodies require cell-to-cell communication for development, a process often mediated by signaling molecules binding to specific receptors. Relatively few signaling pathways have been recruited during evolution to build multicellular animals from unicellular zygotes. Of these few signaling pathways, one...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst222
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been described as a common mechanism of transferring genetic material between prokaryotes, whereas genetic transfers from eukaryotes to prokaryotes have been rarely documented. Here we report a rare case of HGT in which plant expansin genes that code for plant cell-wall loosening pro...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst206
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal venoms have evolved many times. Venomous species are especially common in three of the four main groups of arthropods (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda), which together represent tens of thousands of species of venomous spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and hymenopterans. Surprisingly, despite their great div...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst199
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sherpa population is an ethnic group living in south mountainside of Himalayas for hundreds of years. They are famous as extraordinary mountaineers and guides, considered as a good example for successful adaptation to low oxygen environment in Tibetan highlands. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations might be important ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst147
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins evolve not only through point mutations but also by insertion and deletion events, which affect the length of the protein. It is well known that such indel events most frequently occur in surface-exposed loops. However, detailed analysis of indel events in distantly related and fast-evolving proteins is hampe...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst157
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measuring natural selection on genomic elements involved in the cis-regulation of gene expression--such as transcriptional enhancers and promoters--is critical for understanding the evolution of genomes, yet it remains a major challenge. Many studies have attempted to detect positive or negative selection in these non...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst134
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic incompatibilities are commonly observed between hybridizing species. Although this type of isolating mechanism has received considerable attention, we have few examples describing how genetic incompatibilities evolve. We investigated the evolution of two loci involved in a classic example of a Bateson-Dobzhans...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst127
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Untangling the root of the evolutionary tree of placental mammals has been nearly an impossible task. The good news is that only three possibilities are seriously considered. The bad news is that all three possibilities are seriously considered. Paleontologists favor a root anchored by Xenarthra (e.g., sloths and ante...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst118
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental or genomic changes during evolution can relax negative selection pressure on specific loci, permitting high frequency polymorphisms at previously conserved sites. Here, we jointly analyze population genomic and comparative genomic data to search for functional processes showing relaxed negative selection...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst098
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00